Анотація
Епідемія ВІЛ-інфекції вражає всі соціальні групи населення. Біопсихосоціальні стресори, що безпосередньо пов’язані з ВІЛ-інфекцією, такі як стигма, дискримінація та сором, побічні ефекти лікування, симптоми ВІЛ-інфекції, розкриття діагнозу впливають на психічне здоров’я людей, які живуть з ВІЛ. Стигматизація та дискримінація можуть стояти на заваді вчасному зверненню за психіатричною допомогою. Соціальна стигматизація ВІЛ-інфекції, у свою чергу, може вплинути на їхню прихильність до антиретровірусної терапії. Метою нашого дослідження стало вивчення механізмів формування психічних розладів у людей, які живуть з ВІЛ. Проведене комплексне обстеження 118 пацієнтів, у яких діагностовано ВІЛ-інфекцію у віці від 22 до 61 року за допомогою клінічного інтерв’ю, опитувальника психопатологічної симптоматики Symptom Check List90-Revised, шкали депресії Бека, шкали особистісної та реактивної тривожності Спілбергера. В обстежених були виявлені органічні розлади настрою депресивні розлади, тривожні розлади; розлади пов’язані зі стресом і травмою. Результати опитувальників підтверджують різноманітність та широту виявленої клінічної симптоматики серед обстежених. У 55,9 % пацієнтів виявлені тяжкі симптоми психологічного дистресу. Така ж кількість обстежених демонструвала симптоми депресії різної вираженості за шкалою депресії Бека. В результаті дослідження виявлені ключові чинники психічних розладів у людей, що живуть з ВІЛ: низький рівень освіти, високий рівень безробіття, соціальна ізоляція та відсутність родинної підтримки, страх перед стигматизацією, наявність шкідливих звичок, стрес, пов'язаний з виявленням ВІЛ-інфекції.
Ключові слова: антиретровірусна терапія, депресія, нейрозапалення, психосоціальні фактори.
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