Keywords
immune response
HIV-infection
alcoholism
lymphocytes
How to Cite
Abstract
Women with immunodeficiency conditions are a separate cohort of patients who need the close attention of doctors and social workers. The aim of the study was to determine the distribution of CD68 and CD3 immune cells in the cervix of women with infectious and non-infectious immunodeficiency, namely, HIV infection, chronic alcoholism and their combination. Research groups were formed based on the results of autopsies of 100 women of reproductive age, 25 cases in each group: a group with HIV infection, a group with chronic alcoholism, a group with a combination of HIV infection and alcoholism, and a comparison group. An immunohistochemical study was performed with monoclonal antibodies to CD68 and CD3. During the research it was established that the CD68 and CD3 immune cells distribution in the cervix of women with infectious and non-infectious immunodeficiency is characterized by a decrease in CD68 in the epithelial layer of both groups of HIV-infected women (up to (1.06±0.13) cells/mm2 for the group without alcoholism and up to (1.09±0.11) cells/mm2 in the group in combination with alcoholism), while in the group of women who abuse alcohol, this indicator increased to (1.96±0.15) cells/mm2 (p<0.05). In the stroma, the accumulation of CD68-positive cells tends to decrease in all groups. The dynamics of the distribution of CD3-positive cells in different zones of the cervix is characterized by their decrease in the epithelium of HIV-infected groups, while in women who abuse alcohol their number is increased (p<0.05) to (3.86±0.14) cells/mm2. Simultaneously, stroma infiltration of all three groups with HIV is characterized by a significant increase in CD3-positive cells to (8.13±0.79), (9.89±0.57) and (9.04±0.75) cells/mm2 for groups with HIV infection, abuse alcohol and the combination of chronic alcoholism and HIV infection, respectively (p<0.05). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the CD68 and CD3 immune cells distribution in the cervix of women with infectious and non-infectious immunodeficiency is characterized by variability depending on the nature of the immunodeficiency.
Keywords: cervical mucosa, immune response, HIV-infection, alcoholism, lymphocytes.
References
Ballow M, Sanchez-Ramon S, Walter JE. Secondary Immune Deficiency and Primary Immune Deficiency Crossovers: Hematological Malignancies and Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol. 2022;13:928062. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928062. PMID: 35924244.
Rehm J, Probst C, Shield KD, Shuper PA. Does alcohol use have a causal effect on HIV incidence and disease progression? A review of the literature and a modeling strategy for quantifying the effect. Popul Health Metr. 2017;15(1):4. DOI: 10.1186/s12963-017-0121-9. PMID: 28183309.
Szabo G, Saha B. Alcohol's Effect on Host Defense. Alcohol Res. 2015;37(2):159-70. PMID: 26695755.
Forouzanfar MH, Alexander L, Anderson HR, Bachman VF, Biryukov S, Brauer M, et al. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;386:2287-323. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00128-2. PMID: 26364544.
Thalhammer J, Kindle G, Nieters A, Rusch S, Seppänen MRJ, Fischer A, et al. Initial presenting manifestations in 16,486 patients with inborn errors of immunity include infections and noninfectious manifestations. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;148(5):1332-41.e5. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.04.015. PMID: 33895260.
Bello B, Moultrie H, Somji A, Chersich MF, Watts C, Delany-Moretlwe S. Alcohol use and sexual risk behaviour among men and women in inner-city Johannesburg, South Africa. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(Suppl 3):548. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4350-4. PMID: 28832283.
Fritz K, Morojele N, Kalichman S. Alcohol: the forgotten drug in HIV/AIDS. Lancet. 2010;376:398-400. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60884-7. PMID: 20650516.
Woolf-King SE, Maisto SA. Alcohol use and high-risk sexual behavior in subSaharan Africa: a narrative review. Arch Sex Behav. 2011;40(1):17-42. DOI: 10.1007/s10508-009-9516-4. PMID: 19705274.
Lytvynenko MV, Narbutova TY, Vasylyev VV, Gargin VV. Indicators of proliferative activity of endometrium in women with immunodeficiency. Azerbaijan Med J. 2021(2):53-60. Available at: https://repo.odmu.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/11781
Li N, Franceschi S, Howell-Jones R, Snijders PJ, Clifford GM. Human papillomavirus type distribution in 30,848 invasive cervical cancers worldwide: Variation by geographical region, histological type and year of publication. Int J Cancer. 2011;128(4):927-35. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25396. PMID: 20473886.
Lytvynenko M, Shkolnikov V, Bocharova T, Sychova L, Gargin V. Peculiarities of proliferative activity of cervical squamous cancer in HIV infection. Georgian Med News. 2017;(270):10-5. PMID: 28972476.
Dabbs DJ, Thompson LDR. Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry: Theranostic and Genomic Applications, Expert Consult: Online and Print, 4e 4th Edition, 2014, 960 p. Available at: https://is.gd/qfH2ON
Gargin V, Radutny R, Titova G, Bibik D, Kirichenko A, Bazhenov O. Application of the computer vision system for evaluation of pathomorphological images. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 40th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO). P. 469-73. DOI: 10.1109/ELNANO50318.2020.9088898.
Myers JL; Well AD. Research Design and Statistical Analysis (2nd ed.). USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2003. 508 p.
Nicol AF, Fernandes AT, Grinsztejn B, Russomano F, E Silva JR, Tristao A, et al. Distribution of immune cell subsets and cytokine-producing cells in the uterine cervix of human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected women: influence of HIV-1 coinfection. Diagn Mol Pathol. 2005;14(1):39-47. DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000143309.81183.6c. PMID: 15714063.
Slama J, Adamcova K, Dusek L, Sosna O, Cibula D. Umbilication is a strong predictor of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2013;17(3):303-7. DOI: 10.1097/LGT.0b013e31826f2532. PMID: 23486068.
Burke L. Comment on "umbilication is a strong predictor of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia". J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2014;18(1):E25. DOI: 10.1097/LGT.0b013e3182a66351. PMID: 23486068.
Thygesen LC, Mikkelsen P, Andersen TV, Tonnesen H, Juel K, Becker U, Gronbaek M. Cancer incidence among patients with alcohol use disorders--long-term follow-up. Alcohol Alcohol. 2009;44(4):387-91. DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agp034. PMID: 19491282.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.