Keywords
coronary heart disease
diabetes mellitus
comorbidity
How to Cite
Abstract
Urbanization is one of the leading global trends that has a significant impact on the health of the population. The rapidly growing process of urbanization, on the one hand, is able to create new opportunities for cities, and on the other hand has a negative impact on the health and well -being of urban citizens, and undoubtedly the poor urban population is most vulnerable in obtaining proper medical services. The uneven distribution of assets - human, financial and environmental - can be so significant that it leads to significant differences in the health of the inhabitants, depending on income, gender, place of residence, cultural and ethnic origin. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of comorbid pathology in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and to establish the risk of concomitant diseases depending on the place of residence. A retrospective study was conducted by analyzing the medical records of 213 patients, of whom 134 live in the city, 97 in the village. The analysis of the structure of comorbidity and the calculation of the relative risk of comorbidity in patients with community-acquired pneumonia showed a probable probability of its combination with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease in patients living in the city, with an increase in the relative risk of their comorbidity, respectively, by 7.2 times and 6.0 times. Similar statistically significant associations were established between community-acquired pneumonia and arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease with an increase in the relative risk of their comorbidity by 11.3 and 6.3 times, respectively, among villagers with community-acquired pneumonia. It is also worth noting that the prevalence of arterial hypertension is probably higher in rural residents with community-acquired pneumonia compared to urban residents. At the same time, the incidence of type 2 diabetes was likely higher in patients with community-acquired pneumonia living in the city compared to rural residents with community-acquired pneumonia.
Keywords: arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, comorbidity.
References
Martinez L, O’Lawrence H. The Factors Influencing Urban Health Services among Ethnic Groups in the U.S. Educ. Sci. 2020;10:77. DOI: 10.3390/educsci10030077.
Global perspectives on urban health. UK: Impact on Urban Health; 2021. 69 p. Available at: https://urbanhealth.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Global-perspectives-on-urban-health.pdf
Rajana A, Kumar KM. Urban health and wellness in Indian context - A strategic approach in urban design Procedia Technology. 2016;24:1750-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.protcy.2016.05.210.
Islam MS. Factors Influencing Inequity in Access to Urban Health Service Delivery in Low Resource Setting Country Bangladesh. Health Sci J. 2021;15(8):868. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-344996/v1 PMID: не має в базі PubMed
GBD 2016 Lower Respiratory Infections Collaborators Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2018;18:1191-210. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30310-4. PMID: 30243584
De Miguel-Diez J, Jimenez-Garcia R, Hernandez-Barrera V, Jimenez-Trujillo I, de Miguel-Yanes JM, Mendez-Bailon M, Lopez-de-Andres A. Trends in hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia in Spain: 2004 to 2013. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 2017;40:64-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.12.010. PMID: 27979670.
De Miguel-Diez J, Lopez-de-Andres A, Hernandez-Barrera V, Jimenez-Trujillo I, Mendez-Bailon M, de Miguel-Yanes JM, Jimenez-Garcia R. Impact of COPD on outcomes in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia: Analysis of the Spanish national hospital discharge database (2004–2013). Eur. J. Intern. Med. 2017;43:69-76. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2017.06.008. PMID: 28615117.
Lopez-de-Andres A, de Miguel-Diez J, Jimenez-Trujillo I, Hernandez-Barrera V, de Miguel-Yanes JM, Mendez-Bailon M, et al. Hospitalisation with community-acquired pneumonia among patients with type 2 diabetes: An observational population-based study in Spain from 2004 to 2013. BMJ Open. 2017;7:e013097. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013097. PMID: 28057653.
Turktan M, Ak O, Erdem H, Ozcengiz D, Hargreaves S, Kaya S, Karakoc E, et al. Community acquired infections among refugees leading to Intensive Care Unit admissions in Turkey. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2017;58:111-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.02.022. PMID: 28419820.
Jones B, Gundlapalli AV, Jones JP, Brown SM, Dean NC. Admission decisions and outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia in the homeless population: A review of 172 patients in an urban setting. Am. J. Public Health. 2013;103(Suppl 2):S289-93. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301342. PMID: 24148050.
Bige N, Hejblum G, Baudel J-L, Carron A, Chevalier S, Pichereau C, et al. Homeless Patients in the ICU: An Observational Propensity-Matched Cohort Study. Crit. Care Med. 2015;43:1246-54. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000944. PMID: 25793435.
Smith OM, Chant C, Burns KEA, Kaur M, Ashraf S, DosSantos C, Hwang SW, Friedrich JO. Characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes of homeless and non-homeless patients admitted to ICU: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0179207. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179207. PMID: 28604792.
Lemay J-A, Ricketson LJ, Zwicker L, Kellner JD. Homelessness in Adults with Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) in Calgary, Canada. Open Forum. Infect. Dis. 2019;6:ofz362. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz362. PMID: 31419302.
Olubamwo OO, Onyeka IN, Aregbesola A, Ronkainen K, Tiihonen J, Föhr J, Kauhanen J. Determinants of hospitalizations for pneumonia among Finnish drug users. SAGE Open Med. 2018;6:2050312118784311. DOI: 10.1177/2050312118784311. PMID: 30013782.
Boschini A, Smacchia C, Di Fine M, Schiesari A, Ballarini P, Arlotti M, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in a cohort of former injection drug users with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection: Incidence, etiologies, and clinical aspects. Clin. Infect. Dis. 1996;23:107-13. DOI: 10.1093/clinids/23.1.107. PMID: 8816138.
Jahanihashemi H, Babaie M, Bijani S, Bazzazan M, Bijani B. Poverty as an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in community-acquired pneumonia: A study in a developing country population. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2018;72:e13085. DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13085. PMID: 29665161.
Lim WS. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax. 2003;58(5):377-82. DOI: 10.1136/thorax.58.5.377. PMID: 12728155
Corrales-Medina VF, Alvarez KN, Weissfeld LA, Angus DC, Chirinos JA, Chang C-CH, Newman A, Loehr L, Folsom AR, Elkind MS, et al. Association between hospitalization for pneumonia and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease. JAMA. 2015;313:264-74. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.18229. PMID: 25602997.
Musher DM, Abers MS, Corrales-Medina VF. Acute Infection and Myocardial Infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 2019;380:171-6. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1808137. PMID: 30625066.
Violi F, Cangemi R, Falcone M, Taliani G, Pieralli F, Vannucchi V, et al. Cardiovascular Complications and Short-term Mortality Risk in Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2017;64:1486-93. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix164. PMID: 28205683.
Musher DM, Rueda AM, Kaka AS, Mapara SM. The association between pneumococcal pneumonia and acute cardiac events. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2007;45:158–65. DOI: 10.1086/518849. PMID: 17578773.
Viasus D, Garcia-Vidal C, Manresa F, Dorca J, Gudiol F, Carratalà J. Risk stratification and prognosis of acute cardiac events in hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia. J. Infect. 2013;66:27-33. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2012.09.003. PMID: 22981899
Menendez R, Mendez R, Aldas I, Reyes S, Gonzalez-Jimenez P, Espana PP, et al. Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients at Risk for Early and Long-term Cardiovascular Events Are Identified by Cardiac Biomarkers. Chest. 2019;6:1080-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.06.040. PMID: 31381883.
Denning N-L, Aziz M, Gurien SD, Wang P. DAMPs and NETs in Sepsis. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2536. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02536. PMID: 31736963.
Homeliuk TM., Marushchak MI. Hemogram indicators in patients with community-acquired pneumonia caused by COVID-19 depending on the Charlson comorbidity index. Herald of problems of biology and medicine. 2023;1(168):161-70. DOI: 10.29254/2077-4214-2023-1-168-161-170.
Homeliuk TM, Marushchak MI. Dynamics of acute-phase blood parameters in patients with community-acquired pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2. Medical and clinical chemistry. 2023;25(1):68-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681X.2023.i1.13743.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.